سوال ۱۶ کنکور ارشد مهندسی کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۴

Passage 2 (paragraph 1): "The first ‘computers’ were ancient tools that were used to do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Some early examples of this would be the ancient Chinese invention known as the abacus. These older tools were in a sense computers because they did what modern computers do: take information and turn it into logical operations. Logical operations are instructions that someone gives a computer and tells it what to do. Older tools still required humans to do things to make them work. But modern computers use power and can be programmed to do things."

16. The underlined word “required” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ………… .