سوال ۲۰ کنکور ارشد مهندسی کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۱

PASSAGE 1 (excerpt): When a user enters a query into a search engine, the engine examines its index and provides a listing of best-matching web pages according to its criteria. Different search engines employ methods to rank the results to list the "best" results first. How a search engine decides which pages are the best matches, and in what order the results should be presented, varies widely from one engine to another.

Many search engines, such as Google and Bing, provide customized results based on the user's activity history. This leads to an effect that is called a filter bubble. The term describes a phenomenon in which websites use algorithms to selectively guess what information a user would like to see, based on information about the user (such as location, past click behavior and search history). As a result, websites tend to show only information that agrees with the user's past viewpoint.

Following the passage, which one is correct?