سوال ۲۶ کنکور ارشد مهندسی کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۱

PASSAGE 3 (excerpt): "There are two important types of packet networks: connectionless packet networks and connection-oriented packet networks. Connectionless packet networks operate in a way analogous to the postal office. Connectionless networks offer best effort packet-delivery service. Connectionless packets are launched into the network with a large and powerful header that contains all the information necessary to deliver the packet, whatever its destination. As a by-product of their connectionless nature, it is not possible to guarantee performance or reserve network resources for any particular communication, so connectionless networks do not support real-time services reliably. The switches in the network are stateless. When the network is subjected to overload, packets are buffered for later delivery. If the buffer capacity is exceeded, the packets are discarded. In connectionless networks there is no guarantee that all packets will traverse the same network path and be subject to the same delays."

In connectionless packet networks, a packet is lost due to ----------.