سوال ۱۶ کنکور ارشد مهندسی کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۰

PASSAGE 1 (excerpt): A February 2020 European Union white paper on artificial intelligence advocated for AI for economic benefits, including "improving healthcare (e.g. making diagnosis more precise...), increasing the efficiency of farming, contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation, [and] improving the efficiency of production systems through predictive maintenance," while acknowledging potential risks. The relationship between automation and employment is complicated. ... Subjective estimates of the risk vary widely: for example, Michael Osborne and Carl Benedikt Frey estimate 47% of U.S. jobs are at "high risk" of potential automation, while an OECD report classifies only 9% of U.S. jobs as "high risk." Jobs at extreme risk range from paralegals to fast-food cooks, while care-related professions ranging from personal healthcare to the clergy are deemed less likely to be automated. ... Economists point out that in the past technology has tended to increase rather than reduce total employment, but acknowledge that "we're in uncharted territory" with AI. Irakli Beridze, Head of the Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics at UNICRI, ... expressed that "I think the dangerous applications for AI, from my point of view, would be criminals or large terrorist organizations using it to disrupt large processes or simply do pure harm. [Terrorists could cause harm] via digital warfare, or it could be a combination of robotics, drones, with AI and other things as well that could be really dangerous. Things like lethal autonomous weapons systems should be properly governed — otherwise there's massive potential of misuse."

16. What does the passage mainly discuss?