سوال ۱۶ کنکور ارشد مهندسی برق ۱۴۰۴

PASSAGE 2 (paragraph 1):

Graphene could revolutionize future technologies making transparent and flexible solar panels, foldable mobile phones or ultrathin computers a reality. Now researchers from Spain, Germany, and the US think they have taken one of the first important steps along the way. Frank H.L. Koppens of the Institut de Ciéncies Fotóniques (ICFO) in Spain, along with colleagues from MIT and Harvard University have found that graphene is able to convert (underlined) a single absorbed photon into multiple electrons. Graphene is currently being employed as an alternative to semiconducting materials for light-to-electricity conversion, but the finding indicates that the material could be more efficient than thought.

16- The underlined word "convert" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to «..........» .