سوال ۱۹ کنکور ارشد علوم کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۲

PART C: Reading Comprehension — Read the passage and answer the question.

PASSAGE 2 (applications of sorting): "Some of the most important applications of sorting are: (a) Solving the 'togetherness' problem, in which all items with the same identification are brought together. Suppose that we have 10,000 items in random order, many of which have equal values; and suppose that we want to rearrange this file so that all items with equal-values appear in consecutive positions. This is essentially the problem of 'sorting' in the older sense of the word; and it can be solved easily by sorting the file in the new sense of the word, so that the values are in ascending order, $v_1 \le v_2 \le \ldots \le v_{10{,}000}$. (b) If two or more files have been sorted into the same order, it is possible to find all of the matching entries in one sequential pass through them, without backing up. ... It is usually much more economical to access a list of information in sequence from beginning to end, instead of skipping around at random in the list, unless the list is small enough to be stored in a high-speed random-access memory. Sorting makes it possible to use sequential accessing on large files, as a feasible substitute for direct addressing. (c) Sorting also is an aid to searching, ... and therefore it helps to make computer output more suitable for human consumption."

According to the passage, choose the correct statement.