سوال ۱۸ کنکور ارشد علوم کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۵

Passage (Computer Science II): The rate of development of computer science more than matches its current scope — new methods emerge every day and old techniques fall out of use, which is desirable because it allows a smooth transition to new concepts. Borrowing concepts from other disciplines has occurred many times: the most famous example is the artificial neural network (ANN), inspired by the properties and operation of biological brains. Although ANNs are too simple a model to mimic the behavior of the brain, they are very useful in many applications of soft computing; enthusiasm for them has periodically waned and then waxed as new methods were developed, and nowadays deep neural networks provide state-of-the-art performance for tasks such as visual data processing and speech recognition. Another biologically-derived concept is the genetic algorithm (GA), a search method that uses operations similar to those occurring during gene interactions — so computer science is indebted to biology for both ANN and GA.

According to paragraph 2, artificial neural networks ……………… .