سوال ۵۲ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۵

Answer: option 1 — now called. This is a reduced passive relative clause (بند موصولی مجهولِ کاهش‌یافته): the program, which is now called International Governance and Diplomacy. Removing which is leaves now called, which modifies program without adding a new finite clause.

• 1) now called: the past participle called gives the program's current name and has a passive meaning.
• 2) now call it: call introduces an active finite or imperative form with no suitable subject or clause link; it also needlessly repeats the program.
• 3) is now called: retains a finite verb but omits its required relative subject which. The comma alone cannot attach it to the noun.
• 4) it is called now: creates a separate independent clause joined only by a comma, a comma splice; the program name also belongs naturally immediately after called.

Exam trick: After a noun and comma, test whether which is/was + past participle can be reduced to the participle.