سوال ۹۲ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۵

Passage 2 — summary: The passage names pioneering work by Kipping and Usdiken but gives no publication dates for it. It discusses doubts about the Chandlerian model without dating that model’s introduction into the United States. It explains the continuing relevance of interdisciplinary history through its ability to place business actions in context and explain organizational development, innovation, and competitiveness.

The passage provides sufficient information to answer which of the following questions?

I. When was the Chandlerian form introduced into the United States?

II. In which decade were the groundbreaking studies of Kipping and Usdiken published?

III. Why are interdisciplinary historical approaches to entrepreneurship still relevant today?