سوال ۴۸ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۴ — Passage 3 summary: Early urban layouts used elementary geometr

Question

Passage 3 summary: Early urban layouts used elementary geometry, grids and simple teachable rules to organize services and distinguish public from private space. As settlements became denser and more complex, those rules lost effectiveness, and redesigns such as nineteenth-century Paris subordinated geometry to political or military purposes. Later development was shaped by transport infrastructure, economic activity and separate residential and working areas, while twentieth-century access to cheap energy and fewer material constraints let urban resource stocks and flows increasingly determine city form. In the twenty-first century, globalization weakens dependence on nearby territories and national city networks, and rapidly changing influences on cities motivate a metaphorical comparison with quantum theory.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

With fewer constraints on materials and greater design freedom, fueled by affordable energy available in the 20th century, the geometric layout of cities was influenced by specific factors that shaped urban life.

Answer

A cursory survey of the historical evolution of urban design underscores its relative stasis over the years, attributable to the intrinsic value of the early city layouts.

Answer

As cities became bigger, more complicated and more populated, the original simple instruction sets enhanced their ability to cope with the emerging new issues effectively.

Answer

In the 21st century, the reliance of urban centers on their immediate surroundings diminished, and the national networks of cities facilitating the interchange of goods experienced a sudden rise in significance.