سوال ۹۳ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۴

Passage 2 — summary: Business history arose in the 1920s and later expanded under Chandler, whose The Visible Hand appeared in 1977. Weber, Bendix, and Selznick are named as scholars whose organizational work drew on history, but no conversation with Chandler or biographical birth date is reported. From the 1950s management research developed more scientific approaches, specialized subfields, journals, conferences, and theories, while many business historians continued narrative case studies.

The passage provides sufficient information to answer which of the following questions?

I. What is a development that took place in management after the mid-20th century?

II. Did Bendix and Selznick engage in a scholarly dialogue with Chandler regarding the role of history in business management?

III. In which decade was the author of The Visible Hand born?