سوال ۴۳ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۰

Passage 1 summary: African farmland is being lost as deserts expand and droughts worsen. Population pressure encourages overgrazing, excessive cultivation and tree removal; these practices strip vegetation, weaken soil and accelerate erosion. The passage presents conservation and sustainable farming as prevention, with a community forestry and livelihood project in Kita, Mali, as an encouraging example.

Context phrase: “a viable agricultural economy”

The word “viable” in paragraph 4 could be replaced by which of the following?