سوال ۵۲ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۰

Passage 2 summary: Learners interpret new information through existing knowledge, which can support understanding but can also preserve misconceptions. A Harvard survey and a ninth-grade classroom example show incorrect ideas persisting despite education, with the pupils retaining theirs even after corrective instruction. The author argues that teachers need to uncover students’ actual thinking instead of relying on rehearsed classroom exchanges.

Context phrase: “the teacher asked canned questions and the students gave canned answers”

The word “canned” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by which of the following?