سوال ۱۰۹ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۰

Passage 2 — summary: Large supermarket chains face criticism over food waste, supplier payments, and plastic packaging; consumer pressure has prompted a UK packaging agreement targeting 2025, with one chain planning to remove plastic from its own-brand packaging by 2023. Food charities obtain only about two percent of supermarkets’ surplus, and secrecy about waste figures makes coordinated prevention and redistribution difficult. Smaller businesses offer alternatives: Original Unverpakt and Bulk Market promote reusable containers or compostable bags, while Farmdrop delivers fresh farm goods daily using electric vehicles and gives farmers most of the retail price. The conclusion acknowledges substantial remaining problems but suggests larger chains could learn from these examples.

The author mentions Berlin’s Original Unverpakt and Bulk Market (paragraph 4) primarily in order to .......... .