سوال ۱ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۱

Answer: option 1 — and charging coordinates two participial modifiers (توصیف‌های وجه وصفی) referring to St Joseph’s. The school was opened in 2009, a passive meaning, but charges its students fees, an active meaning. Thus opened and charging perform the same modifying function even though their forms and voices differ.

• (2) while charging: introduces a time relationship, making fee collection accompany the opening in 2009, rather than simply adding the school's fee policy as another attribute.
• (3) and charged: gives a second passive participle; it would make the school the party being charged, rather than the party charging its students.
• (4) when charged: likewise gives the school a passive role and introduces an inappropriate time condition.

Exam trick: Determine the subject's role separately for each participle: the same noun can receive one action and perform another.