سوال ۴۱ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۱

Passage 1 summary: The passage questions whether genes alone determine handedness. It notes that children often establish a consistent hand preference only at age two or three, presenting that observation as evidence against genetic predetermination. The target wording is “Genetic predetermination is also contradicted”.

The word “contradicted” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by which of the following?