سوال ۱۰۵ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۱

Passage 1 — summary: Early glass artists depended on large factory furnaces, and Tiffany, Lalique, and Emile Galle created celebrated work in that setting. Littleton’s 1962 discovery that a smaller furnace could melt glass, together with Labino’s technical contribution, enabled independent studio work; both gained recognition as leading glass artists. Littleton’s museum workshop opened a new learning setting, artists welcomed their independence, and glass-art teaching later expanded.

Context phrase: “the advent of the studio movement”.

The word "advent" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .......... .