سوال ۱۱۲ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۱

Passage 2 — summary: Farming villages offered mutual security, shared facilities, seasonal help, and social companionship. Many grew into cities that relied on rural food surpluses to support urban specialists, while cities supplied protection and markets in return; early urban centers followed the development of agriculture. Mesopotamian city-states combined urban centers with surrounding farmland, and uncultivated desert or swamp lay between their territories, whose inhabitants sometimes fought and sometimes cooperated.

According to the fourth paragraph, what separated the territories of neighboring Mesopotamian city-states?