سوال ۳۵ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۲

Passage summary: Public enthusiasm for giant pandas contrasts with the uncertain survival of their wild populations. Their former range has contracted to isolated mountains in Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan, and they remain endangered even though about three quarters live in reserves. Habitat destruction, illegal hunting and transport routes threaten them, with roads and railways separating populations and obstructing reproduction. Because pandas depend heavily on bamboo, projected climate-related losses of that plant could also make habitat in north-western China unsuitable.

According to the passage, roads and railways can be regarded as culprits for which of the following?