سوال ۳۸ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۳

Passage summary: The passage surveys three historical currents in Japanese urban sociology: urban nationalism, the Chicago School and Marxism. It attributes this three-way distinction to Suzuki Hiroshi, then describes the people and developments associated with each current.

The word “discerned” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .......... .