سوال ۱۱ کنکور ارشد مهندسی مکانیک ۱۴۰۵

PASSAGE 1:

Drafting or technical drawing is used in nearly every branch of engineering and architecture. It is the means by which mechanical engineers create instructions for manufacturing parts. A technical drawing can be a computer model or hand-drawn schematic showing all the dimensions necessary to manufacture a part, as well as assembly notes, a list of required materials, and other related information. A U.S. mechanical engineer or skilled worker who creates technical drawings may be referred to as a drafter or draftsman. Drafting has historically been a two-dimensional process, but recent Computer-Aided Designing (CAD) programs have begun to allow the designer to create a part in three dimensions.

Instructions for manufacturing a part must be fed to the necessary machinery, either manually, through programmed instructions, or through the use of a Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) or combined CAD/CAM program. An engineer may also have a part manually manufactured using the technical drawings, but this is becoming an increasing rarity, except in processes that cannot economically be done by a machine.

The underlined word "branch" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to «..........» .