سوال ۲۰ کنکور ارشد مهندسی مکانیک ۱۴۰۵

Read the passage and answer the question.

PASSAGE:

Interest in animal locomotion has existed since antiquity, indicated by the ancient Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle's work De motu animalium (On the Motion of Animals). In the 17th century, Italian physiologist and physicist Giovanni Alfonso Borelli investigated the movements of the animal body in the context of mechanical principles. English photographer Eadweard Muybridge used sequential photographs in the 19th century to capture the gaits of several species. His photography demonstrated, for instance, that all four of a trotting horse's legs are off the ground at a particular moment in the gait.

Gait laboratories have been developed to support research into the biomechanics of human movement. Initially, only limited amounts of data could be collected and processed, because of limitations in tools and models used to interpret the results. In the latter part of the 20th century, however, gait analysis technology began to improve significantly, increasing the potential for clinical application of gait analysis. The development of powerful and inexpensive microcomputers reduced the time and labor costs of gait analysis. Commercial vendors developed standard packaged gait-analysis systems that integrated the basic technologies required for gait analysis, motion capture, measurement of ground reaction force, and muscle activity monitoring.

The passage provides sufficient information to answer which of the following questions?

I. In which century did Aristotle write his book on animal movement?

II. What is the name of a muscle in the body of humans or animals?

III. What is a goal of establishing gait laboratories?