سوال ۲۹ کنکور ارشد مهندسی مکانیک ۱۴۰۱

PART C: Reading Comprehension

PASSAGE 3:

Although the human body is an incredibly complex biological system composed of trillions of cells, it is subject to the same fundamental laws of mechanics that govern simple metal or plastic structures. The study of the response of biological systems to mechanical forces is referred to as Biomechanics. Although it wasn't recognized as a formal discipline until the 20th century, biomechanics has been studied by the likes of Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, and Aristotle. The application of biomechanics to the musculoskeletal system has led to a better understanding of both joint function and dysfunction, resulting in design improvements in devices such as joint arthroplasty systems and orthotic devices. Additionally, basic musculoskeletal biomechanics concepts are important for clinicians such as orthopedic surgeons and physical and occupational therapists. Biomechanics is often referred to as the link between structure and function. While a therapist typically evaluates a patient from a kinesiology perspective, it is often not practical or necessary to perform a complete biomechanical analysis. However, a comprehensive knowledge of both biomechanics and anatomy is needed to understand how the musculoskeletal system functions. Biomechanics can also be useful in a critical evaluation of current or newly proposed patient evaluations and treatments. Finally, a fundamental understanding of biomechanics is necessary to understand some of the terminology associated with kinesiology (e.g., torque, moment, moment arms).

The passage suggests that ----------.