سوال ۱۷ کنکور ارشد مهندسی مکانیک ۱۴۰۰

PART C: Reading Comprehension

PASSAGE 1 (excerpt):

Challenger Deep got its name from the British survey ship Challenger II, which pinpointed the deep water off the Marianas Islands in 1951. Then in 1960, the US Navy sent the Trieste - a mini-submarine designed to go really deep - down into the depths of the Marianas trench to see just how far they would go. They touched bottom at 10,923m. If you cut Mount Everest off at sea level and put it on the ocean bottom in the Challenger Deep, there would still be over a mile of water over the top of it!

When you get into the ocean (or any body of water) and you start diving down from the surface, the deeper you dive the more water is over the top of you. The more gallons of water you put between you and the surface of the ocean, the greater the pressure is on your body because of the weight of the water over the top of you. This pressure is called hydrostatic pressure. You can imagine how incredible the pressure must be in the Challenger Deep with almost eleven kilometers of water overhead.

The earth's crust isn't one solid piece of rock, it's really pretty thin, like the shell of an egg is compared to the size of the egg. In fact, it's made up of huge plates of thin crust that "float" on the molten rock of the earth's mantle. While floating around on the mantle the edges of these plates slide past each other, bump into each other, and sometimes even crash. The oceanic crust is much heavier than the continental crust so when the plates crash into each other, the oceanic plate plunges downward toward the molten mantle, while the lighter, continental plate rides up over the top. The forces driving the two plates together are really intense so the underlying oceanic plate creates a trench where it drags the edge of the continental crust down as it descends underneath. This is what's happening on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean off the Marianas Islands. The really deep part of the ocean is in the bottom of the trench created by the subducting ocean crust.

You can infer from the passage that ----------.