سوال ۱۱ کنکور ارشد مدیریت ۱۴۰۵

Passage (excerpt): Introduced in the early 1940s, Maslow's theory of <u>motivation</u> remained primarily in the realm of clinical psychology where he did most of his developmental work. It was in 1957 that management and organizational theorists began to take note, beginning with Davis, Pellegrin and Coates, and McGregor. … In <u>his</u> 1957 textbook on Human Relations in business, Davis outlined Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

The underlined word "motivation" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ……………….. .