سوال ۲۸ کنکور ارشد مدیریت ۱۴۰۰

Passage summary: Paragraph 1 describes employers' uncertainty about older workers' productivity and the common belief that their higher pay does not reflect greater output; Sun Life of Canada offers British employees aged 50 or above redundancy to replace them with younger staff. Paragraph 2 links lower retirement ages in Japan to pay based on seniority and the growing cost of a workforce with long service. Paragraph 3 distinguishes possible age-related limits in heavy physical work from managerial abilities that can improve with age, including diplomacy, meeting management and early problem detection. Paragraph 4 challenges preferences for younger workers: retained older staff show good judgment and productivity, Peterson considers their educational standards stronger, and the narrator explains that frequent job changes among younger staff reduce training returns; employer-funded training often goes to managers in their late forties and early fifties.

Passage wording: “seniority-based wage costs have become the most intractable item”.

According to paragraph 2, the main reason why Japanese companies prefer to reduce the retirement age is to .......... .