سوال ۲۴ کنکور ارشد مهندسی کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۳

PASSAGE 3 (excerpt): In parallel with the growing recognition of computer design and engineering as a distinct area of professional activity, computer development moved from universities to the private sector. As has been well documented, many companies entered the field in the 1950s. In fact, individuals from companies rather than universities dominated the organizing committee of the first JCC. ... The case of Engineering Research Associates (ERA) offers further insights about the position of engineers in one pioneering firm. Founded in the mid-1940s, the then Minneapolis-based company's early activities included developing electronic data-processing systems, especially for the US Navy; it was later well known for its stored-program computer, the 1101. The company's founders and early personnel included a roughly even mix of mathematicians, electrical engineers, and physicists. ... Per Arthur Norberg, "40 percent of the 1943 electrical engineering graduates of the University of Minnesota ... joined ERA after the war."

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?