سوال ۲۸ کنکور ارشد مهندسی کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۱

PASSAGE 3 (excerpt):

"There are two important types of packet networks: connectionless packet networks and connection-oriented packet networks. ... In connectionless networks there is no guarantee that all packets will traverse the same network path and be subject to the same delays. ... Connection-oriented packet networks have similarities with both circuit networks and packet networks. They are like circuit networks in that a connection, called a virtual circuit, must be established before data can be transported. Network nodes are prepared to support virtual circuits, and they devote resources to them. The resources include buffer memory and link bandwidth. ... The network is not stateless. When all the resources are committed, the network may deny requests to establish new virtual circuits. The header of connection-oriented packet networks can be shorter than those of connectionless networks because the addressing portion of the header needs only to distinguish each virtual circuit from each other established on common links and switch ports."

All of the following are characteristics of a connection-type packet network EXCEPT --------.