سوال ۲۹ کنکور ارشد مهندسی کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۱

PASSAGE 3 (excerpt):

There are two important types of packet networks: connectionless packet networks and connection-oriented packet networks. Connectionless networks operate in a way analogous to the post office. Connectionless networks offer best effort packet-delivery service. Connectionless packets are launched into the network with a large and powerful header that contains all the information necessary to deliver the packet, whatever its destination. As a by-product of their connectionless nature, it is not possible to guarantee performance or reserve network resources for any particular connection, so connectionless networks do not support real-time services reliably. The switches in the network are stateless. When the network is subjected to overload, packets are buffered for later delivery. If the buffer capacity is exceeded, the packets are discarded.

Connection-oriented packet networks have similarities with both circuit networks and packet networks. They are like circuit networks in that a connection, called a virtual circuit, must be established before data can be transported. Network nodes are prepared to support virtual circuits, and they devote resources to them. The resources include buffer memory and link bandwidth. Assumptions are made about the traffic likely to be coordinated by all the sources, and the network may overload if all sources begin sending packets at their peak rate.

Q29 — Which sentence, according to the passage, is True?