سوال ۱۴ کنکور ارشد مهندسی کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۰

Read the following passage and decide which choice best fills the blank.

For 20 years, children have been treated (11) ____ all sorts of programs on television which are supposed to help them become better at skills such as reading and math. These programs have presented (12) ____ such as counting and recognition of letters as nothing but fun, (13) ____ by such things as rainbows and jumping frogs. (14) ____ no improvement in children's abilities in literacy and numeracy (15) ____. These fun ways of teaching basic skills don't seem to work.

Question 14: choose the word/phrase that best fills blank (14).