سوال ۱۸ کنکور ارشد علوم کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۳

Passage 2

People have been using mechanical devices to aid calculation for thousands of years. The abacus probably existed in Babylonia (present-day Iraq) about 3000 B.C.E. The ancient Greeks developed sophisticated analog computers: in 1901 an ancient Greek shipwreck was discovered off the island of Antikythera, and inside was a salt-encrusted device of rusted metal gears and pointers. When this c. 80 B.C.E. device was reconstructed, it produced a mechanism for predicting the motions of the stars and planets. John Napier (1550–1617), the Scottish inventor of logarithms, invented Napier's rods (or "Napier's bones") c. 1610 to simplify the task of multiplication. In 1641 the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) built a mechanical adding machine. Similar work was done by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716), who also advocated use of the binary system for doing calculations. Recently it was discovered that Wilhelm Schickard (1592–1635), at the University of Tübingen, had constructed such a device in 1623–4, before both Pascal and Leibniz; he described it in two letters to Johannes Kepler. At least one copy burned in a fire, and Schickard himself died of bubonic plague in 1635, during the Thirty Years' War.

All of the following statements about Blaise Pascal are true EXCEPT that ______.