سوال ۲۹ کنکور ارشد علوم کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۱

PASSAGE 3 (excerpt, second paragraph):

"A basic constraint that we try to meet is that processors should not know their positions in such a tree, hypercube, or other pattern, although some exceptions are necessary; for example, we shall normally expect the root processor in a tree to know it is the root. The reason for this constraint is so the processor we design for a certain application can be connected in arbitrarily large networks ... Fortunately, common interconnection patterns usually allow the processors to deduce where they are. For example, we can write a program that enables a tree network to count the number of nodes, whereupon the root can pass down enough information so that each leaf can discover how many leaves there are to its left."

With common interconnection patterns within the processor networks it is ----------.