سوال ۱۲ کنکور ارشد علوم کامپیوتر ۱۴۰۵

PASSAGE 1 (paragraph 1, excerpt): "Computer scientists write programs. But so do economists, physicists, chemists, mathematicians, and engineers of all flavors—including software ones; the writing of programs does not distinguish the computer scientist from these other creators of software. Consequently, it does not distinguish the discipline of computer science. So what does? Well, one thing that does is its preoccupation with the meta-activity associated with programming i.e., with the design and development of tools and methodologies that facilitate and aid the specification, development, implementation and analysis of computing systems."

The underlined word “its” in paragraph 1 refers to ................... .