سوال ۸۵ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۵ — Passage 1 — summary: East German debates in the late 1950s sou

Question

Passage 1 — summary: East German debates in the late 1950s sought a practical management discipline, and the first specialist management books appeared some years afterward. The discipline itself was established only in the 1970s, as in the Soviet Union, so the books came first. Researchers were interested in applying modern analytical approaches to management and economic problems within the existing socialist setting.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The earliest works focusing on management issues were published prior to the creation of the first Leitungswissenschaft.

Answer

Unlike East Germany, the Soviet Union failed to establish a Leitungswissenschaft in the second half of the 20th century.

Answer

Immediately after the Berlin Wall was built, all politicians and managers declined to operate within the socialist system.

Answer

GDR scientists were unwilling to apply operations research to solving either management or broader economic problems.