سوال ۸۴ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۵ — Passage 1 — summary: East German researchers explored cybernet

Question

Passage 1 — summary: East German researchers explored cybernetics, operations research, and systems theory to address practical management and economic problems. Some proposed substantial economic reforms, provoking conflict with politicians. Their criticism was that the politicians centrally planned every economic activity instead of allowing the economic laws of socialism to guide the system.

According to paragraph 3, what was the critique leveled at GDR politicians?

Accepted Answer

They planned all economic activities instead of relying more on the existing laws of socialism.

Answer

They refused to use international economic expertise made available to them in the early 1900s.

Answer

They insisted too much on employing the economic laws and rules of the socialist system.

Answer

They tended to ignore the cybernetics and general systems theory necessary for progress.