سوال ۸۶ کنکور ارشد مدیریت کسب‌وکار (MBA) ۱۴۰۳ — Passage 1 summary: Early German-speaking business schools offe

Question

Passage 1 summary: Early German-speaking business schools offered practical two-year training in economics, law, accounting and languages; business administration became a separate discipline only after more than a decade, and its later name BWL avoided suggesting an exclusively profit-seeking orientation. German universities associated science with theory, but industry’s needs, intensified by 1920s inflation, sustained applied research and practical education; Schmalenbach’s accounting methods won public recognition for BWL and his view of it as Kunstlehre. Although Wundt’s experimental psychology laboratory began in 1879, business schools taught management psychology only from the 1920s. Unlike most countries, Germany treated production changes as engineering problems, so technical universities first included work organization, work psychology and personnel management in teaching and research.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Schmalenbach’s success in developing techniques for handling accounting problems during the inflation proved helpful in gaining general public recognition for BWL.

Answer

In early 19th century, economic events such as inflation increased the urgency of practical advice.

Answer

Business administration had initially faced challenges on account of its generally theoretical orientation.

Answer

Teaching the psychological aspects of management can be traced back to 1879 at Leipzig University, Germany.