سوال ۱۷ کنکور ارشد ریاضی ۱۴۰۲

PASSAGE 2 (excerpt):

"We shall see that the number of steps required for convergence to a satisfactory precision typically depends on spectral properties of the matrix A, if the word "spectral" is interpreted broadly. For example, the conjugate gradient iteration is guaranteed to solve a hermitian positive definite system $Ax=b$ quickly if the eigenvalues of A are clustered well away from the origin. Similarly, the Lanczos iteration is guaranteed to compute certain eigenvalues of a real hermitian matrix quickly if those eigenvalues are well separated from the rest of the spectrum..."

17- The conjugate gradient iterative method for solving certain linear systems ----------.