سوال ۲۱ کنکور ارشد ریاضی ۱۴۰۲

PASSAGE 3 (extract): "The least amount of computation, measured in evaluations of the right-hand side of the differential equation, is required by the multistep methods. In a predictor method the right-hand side of the differential equation must be evaluated only once per step, while in a corrector method this number is equal to the (generally small) number of iterations. The expense caused by the step control in multistep methods, however, destroys this advantage to a large extent. Multistep methods have the largest amount of overhead time. Advantages accrue particularly in cases where the right-hand side of the differential equation is built in a very complicated manner (large amount of computational work to evaluate the right-hand side). In contrast, extrapolation methods have the least amount of overhead time, but on the other hand sometimes do not react as "sensitively" as one-step methods or multistep methods to changes in the prescribed accuracy tolerance."

When the right-hand side of a differential equation is costly to compute, ----------.