سوال ۲۹ کنکور ارشد ریاضی ۱۴۰۱

PASSAGE 3 (excerpt):

"One way to answer these questions is to study norms, or measures of size, of matrices and vectors. Norms may be thought of as generalizations of Euclidean length, but the study of norms is more than an exercise in mathematical generalization. It is necessary for a proper formulation of notions such as power series of matrices, and it is essential in the analysis and assessment of algorithms for numerical computations. Furthermore, different acceptable norms may be more or less convenient in various situations, so that it is appropriate to study properties common to all norms, rather than to restrict attention to any single norm."

29- The use of norms ----------.