سوال ۱۸ کنکور ارشد فیزیک ۱۴۰۴

PART C: Reading Comprehension — PASSAGE 2, paragraph 1

At the end of the eighteenth century, physics was still an immature, undisciplined pursuit with indefinite limits and little cohesiveness among its various concerns. The main source of disunity was the unequal development of its two chief divisions: general physics, equivalent to mechanics, and particular physics, embracing the study of heat, light, electricity, magnetism, and other special properties of matter. Whereas the former was a coherent, exacting, quantitative science, the latter, otherwise referred to as experimental physics, was essentially a miscellany of empirical findings joined to a loose array of speculative theories. Physics emerged as a discipline when these two components came into closer accord, facilitated by two significant developments within particular physics.

18- Which of the following techniques is used in paragraph 1?