سوال ۲۴ کنکور ارشد فیزیک ۱۴۰۴

PART C: Reading Comprehension — PASSAGE 3

Marie Curie was a giant in the fields of physics and chemistry. She was the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. Also, she is one of only two people ever to win the Nobel Prize in two different fields (the other being Linus Pauling, who won the 1954 Prize for Chemistry and the 1962 Prize for Peace). [1] Following Henri Becquerel’s discovery (1896) of a new phenomenon (which she later called “radioactivity”), Marie decided to find out if the property discovered in uranium was to be found in other matters. She discovered that this was true for thorium at the same time as Gerhard Carl Schmidt did. [2]

Turning her attention to minerals, Marie found her interest drawn to pitchblende. Pitchblende, a mineral whose activity is superior to that of pure uranium, could be explained only by the presence in the ore of small quantities of an unknown substance of very high activity. Her husband Pierre then joined Marie in the work that she had undertaken to resolve this problem and that led to the discovery of the new elements, polonium and radium. [3] In 1902, Marie succeeded in isolating one-tenth of a gram of radium chloride that was entirely free from barium. Scientists soon recognized the importance of this work.

In 1903, Marie, Pierre, and Becquerel shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. Marie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in any subject. [4] Pure radium alone was not isolated until 1910 by Marie with the help of chemist André-Louis Debierne, one of Pierre’s pupils. The radioactivity of pure radium proved to be more than one million times as great as that of either uranium or thorium. In 1911, Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, for the isolation of pure radium.

24- Which of the following statements can best be inferred from the passage?