سوال ۲۲ کنکور ارشد ریاضی ۱۴۰۱

PASSAGE 2 (excerpt):

"Geometric-modeling methods are a synthesis of techniques from many fields: analytic and descriptive geometry, topology, set theory, numerical analysis, vector calculus, and matrix methods, to name a few. Originally, only a loose ad hoc assembly, they have coalesced into an independent discipline with a well-defined language and logic.

Where we were once satisfied with two-dimensional representations of physical objects, we now demand and achieve topologically and analytically complete three-dimensional models. ... Obviously, appearance is not the sole concern of geometric modeling, so we carefully distinguish between analytical models and rendering. ...

Computer graphics, computer-aided design (CAD), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) have been the driving forces behind the rapid development of geometric-modeling schemes. ... Robotics, computer vision, and artificial intelligence are also making increasing demands on geometric-modeling capabilities. ...

Computer graphics systems now routinely produce realistic two-dimensional color-shaded renderings of three-dimensional objects. Solid modeling, polygonal, and sculptured-surface techniques have made this possible ..."

Select the wrong statement about geometric modeling.