سوال ۲۶ کنکور ارشد ریاضی ۱۴۰۰

PASSAGE 3 (excerpt):

"It has also been claimed that the modern theory of probability is too abstract and too general to be useful. This is the battle cry once raised by practical-minded people against Maxwell's field theory. The argument could be countered by pointing to the unexpected new applications opened by the abstract theory of stochastic processes, or to the new insights offered by the modern fluctuation theory which once more belies intuition and is leading to a revision of practical attitudes. However, the discussion is useless; it is too easy to condemn. Only yesterday the practical things of today were decried as impractical, and the theories which will be practical tomorrow will always be branded as valueless games by the practical men of today."

26- The modern theory of probability is ------------.