سوال ۲۷ کنکور ارشد ریاضی ۱۴۰۰

PASSAGE 3 (SUMMARY) — extract:

We shall be concerned with theoretical models in which probabilities enter as free parameters in much the same way as masses in mechanics. They are applied in many and variable ways. The technique of applications and the intuition develop with the theory.

This is the standard procedure accepted and fruitful in other mathematical disciplines. No alternative has been devised which could conceivably fill the manifold needs and requirements of all branches of the growing entity called probability theory and its applications.

27- Probability as a free parameter -------------.